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Insurance Issues in Texas Dog Bite Cases

Types of Insurance That May Apply in Texas Dog Bite Cases

pet insurance

When a dog attack occurs, the damage can be devastating.  The scarring and damage caused by the ripping and tearing of the dog’s teeth can be very costly to repair.   Some cannot be repaired. When this happens, the first question the victim must address, is: “How will the medical costs be paid for?”

Unfortunately, the Texas homestead laws and bankruptcy laws can make recovering damages against individuals with no insurance coverage very difficult. As a result, the existence of insurance can often be very critical to a successful case. However, there are several types of insurance that can be beneficial to a dog attack victim.

What Insurance Applies to a Dog Bite Case?

The three insurance that may apply in a dog bite case include:

  • Personal health insurance
  • The dog owner’s homeowner’s liability insurance and/or no-fault insurance
  • Renter’s insurance
  • Canine liability insurance.

Whether a particular policy will or will not apply has to be determined on a case-by-case basis. Some exclude dogs entirely. Other insurance policies provide coverage but may not cover a tenant. Additionally, canine liability insurance is extremely rare. You have to consider all the possible options.

Texas Homestead Laws and Bankruptcy Laws

Texas homestead laws and bankruptcy laws protect debtors from creditors. Under the Texas Homestead Act, a judgment creditor cannot take away a person’s home, car, tools of their trade, certain animals, pets, and up to $60,000 in additional personal property to satisfy a judgment debt. For victims of dog attacks, this means that when a negligent dog owner’s dog injures them, they may take them to trial and win, but they may never collect a dime from the individual. If the owner does not own his home outright, he can simply transfer any assets he holds over the $60,000 protected threshold into payment against his mortgage and he is now “judgment proof.”  Additionally, a judgment-proof debtor can extinguish liability for any judgment simply by filing bankruptcy. Thus, a judgment against an uninsured dog owner can be difficult if not impossible to collect. This is why looking for all avenues of insurance to collect against is critical.

Can I Use My Personal Health Insurance for a Dog Bite?

Check with your health insurance policy. Some health insurance policies will deny coverage if they believe that you have another avenue of recovery for your medical. This is because they have a clause that allows them to become secondary to any available liability insurance.

Does Medicaid Cover Dog Bites?

When the victim is a child, sometimes Medicaid will cover the medical expenses for a dog bite. It is up to the parents to apply and try to get Medicaid coverage.  As with any insurance, there are always problems that develop.  Insurance plans have certain deadlines and requirements of coding procedures that they use as an excuse to kick back claims and refuse to pay them. If the victim does not stay on top of what is paid and what is rejected, often the medical provider will get lazy and let the claim filing period lapse thereby losing the right to file a claim. Thus, it is important to stay on top of any health insurance claim.

Homeowner’s Insurance

Homeowner’s insurance is the most common source of recovery for dog bite claims.  Two separate parts of a homeowner’s policy may apply when a dog attacks. However, dog and/or animal exclusions may render the homeowner’s insurance inapplicable.

What is Medpay Insurance in a Homeowner’s Policy?

Medical payments coverage is optional coverage or ‘Medpay’ insurance is a form of no-fault insurance that kicks in to cover any persons who are injured upon the insured property. It is designed to cover medical expenses incurred when someone gets injured on the property in any way. The advantage of this policy is that the typical Medpay policy requires no proof of liability or negligence on the part of the dog owner. You just prove the injury occurred on the covered property. The downside of this type of policy is that it is typically a very small policy. It may be as low as $500.00. Which means it is unlikely to cover the full extent of damages involved in a dog attack case. It also does not cover intangible damages such as pain, suffering, mental anguish, scarring, disfigurement, or punitive damages in Texas.

Does Homeowner’s Liability Insurance Cover Dog Bites?

Homeowner’s Insurance covers dog bites unless a specific animal exclusion applies. Homeowner’s liability insurance is insurance that covers the homeowner in the event that their negligence or actions cause injury to another. Homeowner’s insurance protects the homeowner even if the injury occurs off the property–as is often the case of a dog bite that occurs while the dog is running at large.  Homeowner’s liability insurance may range from as low as $50,000 up to the millions and is largely determined by the value of assets the homeowner has to protect.  Homeowner’s liability insurance is the primary source of recovery in dog bite cases. The disadvantage of this type of insurance is that you must prove negligence on the part of the owner. In the case of dog attacks, this may be difficult due to the Texas one-bite rule. Additionally, homeowner’s liability insurance is subject to the coverage terms of the contract–meaning that it may be subject to exclusions.

Why Are Injuries Caused by Animals Excluded by Some Homeowner’s Liability Policies?

Dog attacks across the United States cost insurance companies hundreds of millions of dollars each year. As a result, many homeowner’s insurance companies have added exclusions to their policies to combat the cost of dog bite verdicts and settlements.  The exclusions may be as restricting as to exclude “all damages caused by animals.” Or, they may be very narrowly tailored to exclude dog attacks by certain specific breeds that are generally thought to be more likely to be dangerous dogs such as Pit Bulls, Presa Canarios, Rottweilers, or Akitas.  These exclusions must be carefully read to determine whether they apply in any specific case.

In addition to animal exclusions, many homeowner’s liability insurance policies contain other exclusions that can affect a dog bite claim.  An exclusion against paying for punitive damages can prevent an injury victim from being able to fully recover against repeat offenders and grossly irresponsible dog owners. Additionally, most homeowner’s policies exclude renter’s, residents of the home, and sometimes even persons in control of the premises such as a dog sitter.

What is Renter’s Insurance?

Apartment and condo dwellers who do not own the property are generally not covered under the property owner’s homeowner’s insurance policy. To make up for this, renters can obtain their own renter’s liability insurance policy. These policies work exactly like homeowner’s policies but are for renters.  Unfortunately, it is rare to see a renter carry this type of coverage.

What is Canine Liability Insurance?

Canine Liability Insurance protects a dog owner against a judgment for damages when his dog attacks someone else. When a homeowner’s insurance policy does not provide liability coverage that includes his dog, he may be able to obtain insurance through some companies that issue independent canine liability insurance. This may be necessary in cases where a dog has attacked before and the state has declared it a dangerous dog. Once a dog is declared dangerous by a municipality, the owner is required by law to carry $100,000.00 in liability coverage.  This type of coverage may also be required in order to keep a dog in certain rental properties. These policies can be purchased in various amounts and are typically found where some law or housing rule requires the owner to carry a specific amount of canine liability coverage. They are extremely uncommon.

Conclusion and Comments

Finding insurance coverage is very important in dog bite cases due to Texas homestead and bankruptcy laws that are unfriendly to creditors. All types of insurance coverage should be explored as avenues of recovery including health insurance, homeowner’s liability and Medpay insurance, renter’s insurance, and dog liability insurance.  Because finding out what coverage exists can be difficult, it would be wise in every dog attack case to speak with a Texas dog bite attorney to determine what your rights and likelihood of prevailing are. Simmons and Fletcher, P.C., offer free consultations to victims of dog attacks in Texas.

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